July 20, 2006
Doctype made easy
When you create a new page in Dreamweaver, the first line of code usually looks something like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
Ever wondered what that means? Understanding the docctype statement, as that line is called, requires a very, very brief history lesson. Don't worry, I'll make it brief.
HTML started with a very basic list of tags (and rules on how to use them) back in 1989. Over the years, more tags were added (and some removed), so HTML came out with version 2, version 3, version 3.2, version 4, and finally 4.1. XHTML was then developed. (To make it even more confusing, we have different versions of HTML 4.1 and XHTML -- a "strict" version that has very strict rules, a "transitional" version that is a little more loose, and a "frames" version for sites that use frames.)
(Wasn't that brief?)
These different versions of HTML and XHTML have slightly different rules for how -- and which -- HTML tags can be used in a document and how to format them. Just to give you a quick example, XHTML has stricter rules than HTML -- the tags have to be lowercase and certain tags (<u> for underlining) can't be used at all. In HTML, tags like <br> and <link> now require a "closing slash" in XHTML, so they must be written like <br /> and <link />.
So for optimized viewing of the site, the browser should be able to tell what version of HTML/XHTML you're using. That's when the doctype statement comes in. Compare these different doctype statements below:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
The doctype tag contains the information about which DTD, or document type definition, is being used, and contains a web address that links to the full explanation of that language.
Now, what's great about Dreamweaver (which was the point of this blog) is that you don't have to worry about keeping track of which tags you can or can't use and how your code should be formatted. As soon as you set the doctype of your web site, Dreamweaver handles the code for you automatically. Even if you are used to hand-coding an <img> or a <br> tag in the old-school HTML way, if your doctype is set to XHTML, Dreamweaver automatically adds the closing slash for you.
You can change the docctype by typing Ctrl-J (Command-J for Macs) to access the page properties, then going to TItle/Encoding and changing the Document Type. (You can also right-click on the page itself and choose Page Properties.) Once you do that, Dreamweaver formats your code accordingly!
Corrie 
09:55 AM
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What do you want to learn?
Our Dreamweaver Support knowledgebase area is pretty bare-bones right now. We're always looking to add on more tutorials and knowledgebase articles to PixelMill's support knowledgebase. So... what do you want to know? Feel free to post a comment.
January 19, 2006
Why Use Libraries and Templates?
Libraries are a feature of Dreamweaver that allow you to use the same content on multiple pages. What this means is that you can have repeated content on multiple pages, but only have to edit the content in one place.
Let's say that you have a news box that appears on every page. Without libraries, you would have to open each and every page and edit the news box anytime you wanted it updated. WIth libraries, the news box can be a library item, included on each page, but only requiring that you edit and save the library item. One change, one save, and every page with the library item gets updated. Dreamweaver libraries make this kind of editing a breeze!
Templates, or .dwt files, are similar but different -- you have a main template page with a specific layout, and the content areas in the layout can be defined to change for each page. The similarity with include pages is that if you update the template, all pages "attached" to the template will update. The difference is that templates control an entire page layout, while libraries control a component of a page. You can have multiple templates used in the same web site - for example, you could have a 2-column .dwt and a 3-column .dwt. Our designers can help make it seamless when switching from one template to another by keeping the same "editable areas;" when you switch templates, essentially all that changes is where on the page those content areas end up.
Now, let's say that six months down the road you decide that it's time for a new look for your site. Without DWTs, you'd have to create or download the new design template, open every page of your site, copy and paste all the content from each page into the page template, save-as, modify the meta tags and title for each page ... you can see it would be quite a job. But with DWTs, you would create or download a new DWT and then apply the design to your pages with two or three clicks!
PixelMill Dreamweaver templates are all required to use DWTs, and most of them use libraries for items like the header or footer as well. (The real power of Libraries comes in the components that you create for yourself -- such as my news box example from before!) Also, most of our DWTs are DWTIG-compliant, which is another blog topic in itself, but for now it will suffiice to say that DWTIG-compliant templates make applying a new design truly seamless.